anal·y·sis noun ə-ˈna-lə-səs
An analysis a careful study of something or a religion to learn about its parts, if it is a region; find out the different elements, cultures, people that makes up the environmental structure of that region, what they do, and how they are related to each other etc.

: an explanation of the nature and meaning of something.

a : a method in philosophy of resolving complex expressions into simpler or more basic ones.

Analysis is a separation of a whole into its component parts, so that each specific part or component may be explained in details.

a : the identification or separation of ingredients of a substance, which explains the role and purpose of each specific ingredient.

b : a statement of the constituents of a mixture. 
(A statement which explains the constitution of each mixture that is contained in a substance).