Jerusalem the capital city of Israel:

Jerusalem also called Beth-Shalem, meaning; the house of Shalem

The name “Shalem” is derived from the same root as the word “shalom”, meaning peace, so that the common interpretation of the name is now “The City of Peace” or “Abode of Peace”.

… Other midrashim say that Jerusalem means “City of Peace”.

Jerusalem has always been the capital city of Israel.

The Jewish supreme Court of Sanhedrin:

The Jewish supreme court of law known as Sanhedrin also had it’s base in Jerusalem.

The throne of king David & Solomon was located in Jerusalem:

The second king of Israel known as King David and his son (king Solomon) both ruled and reigned in the city of Jerusalem.

David was the one who established the city of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel.

King Solomon, the son of David, commissioned the building of the First Temple which was located in Jerusalem.

Jeremiah 3:17

“At that time Jerusalem shall be called The Throne of the Lord, and all the nations shall be gathered to it, to the name of the Lord, to Jerusalem.

No more shall they follow the dictates of their evil hearts.

Matthew 5:35

…nor by the earth, for it is His footstool; nor by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great King.

The center of the 12 Apostles was in Jerusalem:

In the Apostolic Age the Christian Church was organized as an indefinite number of local Churches that in the initial years looked to that at Jerusalem as its main center and point of reference.

The temple of the God of Abraham, Isaac & Jacob was located in Jerusalem:

The temple where the Jews (Israelite’s) worshiped the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob was located in Jerusalem, that second temple was destroyed by the Romans in 70 AD.

Jerusalem under the rule of Sophronius (Catholic church)

Sophronius (Catholic church) was the Patriarch of Jerusalem from 634 until his surrendered the city to Caliph in 637.

Jerusalem under the rule of Caliph the Muslim:

The Muslim Arab army attacked Jerusalem, held by the Byzantine Romans, in November, 636. For four months the siege continued.

Ultimately, the Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem, Sophronius, agreed to surrender Jerusalem to Caliph Umar in person.

Caliph was also the one who constructed the Dome of the rock.

Apostle Paul writes a prophecy in Galatians and predicts the conquest of the present Jerusalem

Galatians 4:24-25 (NKJV)

²⁴ which things are symbolic. For these are the two covenants: the one from Mount Sinai which gives birth to bondage, which is Hagar— 

²⁵ for this Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia, and corresponds to Jerusalem which now is, and is in bondage with her children— 

²⁶ but the Jerusalem above is free, which is the mother of us all.

Jerusalem is considered a holy city to Jews, Muslims, and Christians alike.

The city is important to Christians and Jews because many important biblical events are said to have taken place in Jerusalem (both religions believe the Old Testament).Jerusalem is also mention in the Torah, which is an important Jewish text.