In the year 1859 the scientist called Charles Darwin from United kingdom rose up 

with his book called “the origin of species” which claimed that human beings are not created by God. 

In His book (“the origin of speces”) Charles Darwin claims that the human race originates from an organism, which was later on transformed into a monkey, and from there it evolved in a chimpanzee, and from a chimpanzee human beings evolved into humans. 

The changes that took place in the field of science through the year of 1800 to the year 1944 (period of second world war). 


Those changes ushered in new scientific ideas of making pharmaceutical products (drugs) out of toxic chemicals (toxic and poisonous chemicals, cloning of animal genes, mixing of poisonous chemicals, and animal blood), which were forbidden in the bible, became the main pillar which governed the European art of science. 



New European scientific methods came into use. These new scientific methods began to influence the scientific fields of pharmacology, toxicology, pharmaceutical, codex Alimentarius, and the doctorate academic university of science, philosophy and engineering in Europe. 

The collective ideas of western science (The science practiced in Europe) were compiled together from the ideas of the age of enlighten, scientific revolution, Charles Darwin, and Oswald Schmiedeberg.

Return back to part 1: The collective ideas of western science part 1.